Alcoas Core Values in Practice Ethics and Integrity

Case Study: Alcoas Core Values in Practice Alcoa seems to live by an integrity approach. To wit: Alcoa had a very strong values-based culture. ... In 1985, Fred Fetterolf, then president, decided the company needed to document the values that all employees must live by: Integrity; Environment, Health, and Safety; Customer; Accountability; Excellence; People; and Profitability. Its later CEO Paul ONeill, empathized workplace health and safety to be one of the most important principles that all employees should abide by. Alcoa also implemented a global ethics and compliance program, and closely complied with the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In order to ensure that employees were adhering to the companys integrity approach, Alcoa appointed an ethics and compliance officer who regulated the companys a global code of conduct and continuously reported top Board on maintenance of not only its prescription with code but also on its ethics and compliance training for employees, as well as other related systems. Studies on business research constantly show that one of the most enduring and significant factors of business success is integrity since customers trust them and they win friends as well as win more clients due to the word-of-mouth reputation. Business integrity has to be deep and seep through its various layers. With it survives and flourishes. Without it, the business is short-lived. Alco possessed genuine integrity. It was likelyShow MoreRelatedAlcoas Case923 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoa’s Case Study 2 1. How would you classify Alcoa’s ethical climate? Which ethical criterion, as shown in figure 5.1., was used by the company: egoism (self-centered), benevolence (concern for others) or principles (integrity approach)? Or, using Professor Paine’s two distinct ethics approaches, as discussed in this chapter, was Alcoa’s approach more compliance or integrity? Alcoa since its inception had a very strong values and the people itself enforce these values, all the employees knewRead MoreEssay about Alcoa’s Core Values in Practice680 Words   |  3 PagesAlcoa’s Core Values in Practice BUS 250 Alcoa’s Core Values in Practice The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) was founded in 1888 as the Pittsburgh Reduction Company. In 1907, they changed their name to Alcoa and had strong values based culture. â€Å"In 1985, Fred Fetterolf, then president, decided the company needed to document the values that all employees must live by: Integrity; Environment, Health, and Safety; Customer; Accountability; Excellence;

Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment - 2197 Words

The aim off this assignment is to demonstrate my knowledge on Bowlby’s theory of attachment by been able to apply it to Neil from the programme 56 Up. In this assignment I will be analysing Neil’s life and explaining his transition from child hood to adolescent with the help of Bowlby life course theories. Throughout this assignment I will be using an adequate amount of literature to support my statements. I ve decided to concentrate on Neil from the programme 56 Up, the reasoning behind this is that Neil s life ended up being maybe the most unpredictable of the group. During the show we witness Neil transition from a happy seven year old who had big aspiration to go to Oxford University (56 Up, 2012) to make a future for himself to him†¦show more content†¦As Neil always had ambition to be in politics it was no surprise that by the time of 42 up he was involved in politics, as a liberal Democrats in the London borough of hackney (56 Up, 2012) . As the programme progressed we saw Neil relocate to the North West of England to become a District councillor. When the programme came to an end we were able to see Neil become less agitated and much more jubilant. The theory of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby (1907 – 1990), a British psychoanalyst. Bowlby’s explanation of attachment hints that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with other, because this will avail them to survive. According to Bowlby, crying, clinging and searching our behaviours displayed by infants as a result of separation from their primary caregiver and a response to re-establish proximity. Bowlby proposed the idea of monotropy, this is when an effective emotional bond is formed between an infant and one particular individual. Bowlby suggested that there is a critical period for attachment to be formed between an infant and caregiver. This means that if an attachment is not formed priority to the first two years of infancy it would not be possible to form an attachment after this period. Thus meaning that the child will suffer irreversible long-term consequences as a result of maternal deprivation. Bowlby used the term maternal deprivation to refer to theShow MoreRelatedBowlby s Theory Of Attachment Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesBowlby s Attachment Theory Findings from animal studies were a powerful influence on Bowlby s thoughts. He suggested too that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infant and care giver. According to Bowlby, children display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual. He called this monotropy. He suggested this trend was qualitatively different from any subsequent attachment a child might form. However, he did not suggest monotropy was absoluteRead MoreBowlby s Theory Of Attachment1255 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment refers to an affectional bond; a bond which is exclusive to an individual and cannot be exchanged to another. A particularly important bond is the emotional one between an infant and its primary care giver. When it comes to attachment it is often said that it is either down to nature or nurture. Nature is the belief that it is genetic based whilst nurture believes it is our environment and experiences. Bowlby focuses on the evolutionary argument for attachment. Bowlby’s theory can beRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1439 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby and his theory of attachment plus criticisms and how these come into effect in practice and legislation. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 27th 1907 and died September 2nd 1990. He was born in London to a middle class family. He was mostly taken care of by his nanny because his parents believed that spending too much time with him could lead to him becoming a spoilt child. At age 7 he was sent to boarding school by his parents. After finishing boarding school Bowlby went onRead MoreBowlby s Theory Of Attachment1441 Words   |  6 Pagesmonths old there was not much attachment present, however he would smile at familiar people and toys, and was able to laugh at surprising or funny things indicating that he was comfortable with new situations and was developing awareness of his surroundings. Later on Noah recognized me as his primary caregiver because I was the one always tending to his needs. When he was upset, anxious, or troubled he preferred me over anyone else. According to Bowlby’s theory of attachment â€Å"The infant knows that theRead MoreBowlby s Theory Of A ttachment1431 Words   |  6 PagesPerhaps the most influential explanation of attachment was presented by John Bowlby who began developing his ideas in the 1940s. Bowlby was commissioned by the World Health Organisation to investigate whether young children were likely to be harmed if they are separated from their mothers in the early years. (Hayes, 1996). Bowlby (1951) reported that infants possesses an innate need to attach to one main attachment figure (this was usually the mother). According to Hayes (1996), this is a specialRead MoreBowlby s Evolutionary Theory Of Attachment1497 Words   |  6 PagesBowlby defined attachment as â€Å"a lasting psychological integration bounded by human beings† (Bowlby, 1969, p.194). However, attachment can also be described as a strong, mutual, emotional connection or relationship formed between two people, mostly between infant and its caregiver. According to Macoby (1988) attachment has four key characteristics which are: proximity; where an infant always want to stay near the attached caregiver. Separation anxiety; is when the infant is distressed when separatedRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby’s theory of attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furthered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infersRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1581 Words   |  7 Pagesin the prenatal development, infancy and childhood, as new-borns develop into young adulthood capable of becoming a parent themselves. This assignment will discuss the developmental stage of a chosen child scenario and apply to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment. It will also discuss the key safeguarding issues within the child scenario and how they could have been prohibited. Scenario The chosen child scenario for this assignment is Paul (see appendix). Paul is six years of age and is the middleRead MoreThe s Container / Contained Theory And Bowlby s Attachment Theory Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesintentionally. This directly impacts the victim s safety and sense of trust. The devastating effects of this type of trauma is the way in which it impacts not only the survivors, but also future generations, and the ability they have to form attachments (Connolly, 2011). This report outlines the importance of Bion’s container/contained theory and Bowlby’s attachment theory in developing secure relationships. Sadly, abused infants form a disorganised attachment style which causes them as adults to adaptRead MoreJohn Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth s Attachment Theories1196 Words   |  5 Pages John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth s attachment theories derive from the idea that in early development infants develop different attachment behaviors in relation to their caregivers. This emotional bond between an infant and their parents can have an enduring impact on future relationships throughout an individual s life. Research has shown that there does not have to be a biological component for an infant to bond with a parent. Instead the bond or attachment is related to â€Å"quality and quantity†

Aq for Conformity Free Essays

Young people of my country conform and deviate, but in varying degrees. This is expressed by Suematsu in paragraph 3 of passage B where he states â€Å"Conform too much, and you are toast, deviate too much, and you are toast too. † in context to the school life. We will write a custom essay sample on Aq for Conformity or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the same with Singapore. Young people of my country must find the perfect balance of conforming and deviating in order to be â€Å"popular†. And that answers the question as to why they conform and deviate. Even within Singapore, different young people may conform and deviate in different ways and in variable degrees. For example, students in a secondary school may find that breaking the rules, â€Å"deviating† in other words, is considered cool but students from a junior college may find conforming more to their style. This is probably due to the mental maturity of the different age groups. In secondary school, students are still young and may not fully comprehend the consequences of their actions or maybe even be given rose coloured glasses by their peer (peer pressure), whereas in JC, the students have matured greatly from their secondary school days and understand the consequences they have to face in breaking a rule. However, we also have to consider what kind of circles the young people come from. Some young people may come from more shady backgrounds, and they may break more rules (of both society and school) than normal, but to them, or perhaps, to their social circle, it may be a form of conforming. It isn’t their fault as they have been brought up or have been exposed to such an environment at a early age. To them, it is the norm. they do not know how else to act except to deviate. Even within that circle, there may be some limits to the kind of rules or how many you can break. This is also illustrated by Suematsu who states â€Å"We all conform to some standard one way or another†¦ this collective standard can vary even within a society. † It is also seen in the undercurrents of Heath and Potter’s work where they state â€Å"they do place limits.. † which states that even with deviation, there is a limit to what you can do. As Heath and Potter argue, the conformity will not destroy individuality. Which is probably why most young people in my country tend to deviate less (in terms of society and rules). Even with our uniform, most of the young people do not bother to accessorize or alter our uniform (except maybe the length) too much. It is, in our perspective, a uniform, and therefore, is not an accurate representation of our true selves. We tend not to bother too much about showing off our individuality, saving that for when the weekend comes or when we go out. As Suematsu states â€Å"the conclusion that limited means of expression equals limited expressions of individuality which may be wrong. † Besides, â€Å"students have a thousand and one ways to modify a school uniform†, which is also another reason why students conform to wearing the uniform, though they deviate a little by maybe, shortening the skirt a little too short, or wearing pretty hair accessories. It is probably also true that many young people of my country may fuss a little too much over details such as hair, makeup or attire (more often lately). When we go out, it is important to look our best in order to portray our individuality (this is the same for many other countries). Even so, be it our moral compass, or our parents or even the society, young people still conform to a certain type of limit set by above mentioned factors, though deviating. This is the so-called golden balance that Suematsu mentions. How to cite Aq for Conformity, Papers

Will the European Union Survive its Current Crisis of Confidence

Question: Will the European Union survive its current crisis of confidence? if it breaks up what will this mean for international business? please make the assignment on this topic we have got the topic separately in class and its not given in the subject outline minimum 25 refrences please. Answer: The European Union is regarded as an economic and political partnership that makes the representation of a unique type of cooperation that exists among other countries that are sovereign. The European Union worked as the latest stage in bringing the European Countries together after the Second World War The the European Union has emerged from the binding of the treaties and the with the passage of the years the European Union has worked in harmonizing the laws and adopting the general policies on several economic, political and social issues. The member States of the European Union share among themselves a union that is based on customs and a sole market where the people, goods and the capital operate freely (Bonet Donato, 2011). In this essay, the author will deal with the EU crisis and discuss if the European Union will survive its current crisis of confidence. It will further examine the consequences of the crisis on the international business. The member states of the European Union work collectively to set their policy and make the collective promotion of their interests. The institutions of the European Union make the inclusion of the European Council that is composed of the statutory heads of the State of the Countries that are present in the European Union (Habermas, 2012). The decision making a process of the European Union is subject to varying considerations among the countries of the European Union (Pisani-Ferry, 2012). The European project that includes the creation of the sole market involving the institutions of Europe that are considered as the pillars of the effort and the public good faith for making the betterment of their future (Lerbinger, 2012).The crisis manager). According to (Schimmelfennig, 2014) the primary crisis of confidence lies in the fact that the loss of trust of the public in the project of the European Union. This happened since the year of 2014 and now in the present scenario, it seems that the lack of public trust over the projects of the European Union is now rebounding in several countries (Feldstein, 2015). According to (Ludlow, 2006) the emergence of the rationale of the Roman Treaty that was created between the six countries of the Common Market of Europe in the year of 1957 established the integration in economic terms. Such introduction of economic integration acts as a beneficial action for all the countries, which are participating in the European Union (Bridwell, 2013). At the beginning of the crisis of European Union, the people of the Europe began to make the doubt of the assumption that is made by the European Union. In between the years of 2009 and 2013, the belief of the people regarding the integration of the strength of the economy is subject to a fall of twenty-one points in the Country of France (Hall, 2012). Reports from (Feldstein, 2015) show that the strength of the economy has fallen to twenty points in the Country of Italy and fallen to sixteen points in the country of Spain (De Grauwe, Ji, 2013). In the year of 2013, there was only twenty-three percent of economic integration, which was in positive terms for the national economy (Klose, Weigert, 2013). However, in the year of 2014, the strength of the integration of the European Union began to return (De Grauwe Ji 2013). The proportion of the public that involves in making the identification in making the removal of the trade and the barriers to investment within the continent of Europe that has increased by fifteen percent points in the last year (Bergsten Kirkegaard, 2012). In the country of Germany, the integration has strengthened the economy by sixty-three percent. The integration has increased in Poland by fifty-three percent as given in the paper (Gros Mayer, 2010). In the majority parts of Italy, France, Spain and Greece, the integration of the economy has been subject to become weak. Hence, the damage that is done to the European Union has not yet been repaired. Hence, it can be said that the European Union is yet to be repaired. The European Union is administered and governed by some institutions. They never correspond to the branches of traditional government that are related to the division of power (Habermas, 2012). The crises that are faced by the European Union are regarded as the Eurozone Crisis. As the 28 Member States of the European Union uses, the same currency the European Union is often referred to as the Eurozone (Ludlow, 2006). The crisis of the Eurozone emerged in the financial crisis or the crisis of debt that occurred in the Country of Greece in between 2009 and 2010 (Dawson Witte, 2013). In the previous decade, the government of Greece has been indulged in taking money from several countries of the international market (Ludlow, 2006). As a result, that Country has been subject to a huge crisis in the financial terms. There have been huge deficits in the budgets of Greece (Habermas, 2012). The investors in the markets of Greece began to make huge concerns regarding the financial instability of Greece and because of that in the year of 2009, the investors began to ask demand their money back or ask for higher rates of interest on the money that is lent (Ash, 2012). As a result, the concerns of the market condition of Greece spread over the entire Eurozone and lead to the slowing of the economic growth the power of strengthening the integration of the economy. The leaders of the European institutions have made a prompt response to the crisis. Reports show that (Moravcsik, 2012) to safeguard the economic crisis; there has been the grant of loan to several countries like Greece, Portugal and Ireland by the European Union. The recent crisis in the country of Greece has posed the challenge to the European Union of its pr oject of integration (Bergsten, Kirkegaard, 2012). The project of the European Union that includes the creation of the sole market involving the institutions of Europe that are considered as the pillars of the effort and the public good faith for making the betterment of their future (Moravcsik et al., 2012). According to (Hall, 2012) the primary crisis of confidence lies in the fact that the loss of confidence of the public in the project of the European Union. This happened since the year of 2014 and now in the present scenario, it seems that the lack of public trust over the projects of the European Union is now rebounding in several countries (Moravcsik, et al., 2012). The decision making a process of the European Union is subject to varying considerations among the countries of the European Union (Habermas, 2012). According to (Bridwell, 2013) there is a growing worry that some parts of EU integration for the first time in history may be reversed or stopped (Schimmelfennig, 2014) contend that in spite of the multiple crises it may happen, that it evoke some reforms that are beneficial for the EU. It is necessary to overcome the crisis of the confidence and "transform the bloc into a more effective and cohesive entity". If EU does not break up its confidence, it can mostly continue to function without any prominent changes in the treaty or the decision-making reforms. It will also be able to resolve the issue such as economic situation posed by Greece and increasing migratory pressures believes (Hall, 2012). It will be possible for EU to continue pursuing integration and standard policies wherever possible regardless of UK being its member (Schimmelfennig, 2014). If the EU breaks up its confidence, it will not be able to grab its possible scenarios and muddle through the situation (De Grauwe, Ji, 2013). (Bridwell, 2013) Has stated some of the possible scenarios in the hands of the EU. One is that it can soon become "two-speed entity" encompassing a strong integrated group of "core countries" and a group of "periphery countries" giving these groups a flexibility to select in which EU policies they want to participate. Analytical reports show that there are many members in practice with two-speed EU, having a range of initiatives such as Schengen, Eurozone, defence policy and justice and home affairs issues. (De Grauwe Ji, 2013) suggests that the two-tier system could create ripples between core and periphery member states. The other scenario includes that EU integration may be put on hold by national capitals due to sovereignty issues. According to (Klose Weigert, 2013) this may be most likely should reform-minded eurosceptic parties come into power in more EU countries and if the UK is successful in its bid to carve out additional EU policy exemptions. It may happen that EU will easily expand and include aspirants in Turkey and Western Balkans, Ukraine, Georgia and other countries. EU can emerge from its crisis by maintaining its confidence, being integrated and more united. (Bergsten, Kirkegaard, 2012) Believes that there may be some member states of EU needing the "political and economic integration" and that the outcome may be in the favour of Brexit or Grexit. This kind of integration will not encourage the EU enlargement in future. There are many supporters (members of the Congress and successive administrations) of the EU integration. They view it as "fostering democratic allies and strong trading partners in Europe" (Feldstein, 2015). (Dawson Witte, 2013) Stated in his paper that US intends to have a partnership with EU and supports the development of "EU defence policy". In doing so, it enhances the NATO capabilities. There are 22 European countries belonging to both EU and NATO (Moravcsik, 2012). There is a strong, trade and investment relationship between EU and US (Klose Weigert, 2013). It was stated by some US officials concerning that the potentially stronger, more united EU could rival U.S. power and prestige (Schimmelfennig, 2014). However, these views could not shape the policies of US towards EU. Concerned with EU challenges, economic and strategic implication policymakers of US are suspecting the EU's ability to be an effective and robust partner of US (Bridwell, 2013). It was asserted by the Obama Administration its opposition to Grexit and Brexit. It is now viewing the possibilities as a huge threat to the relationships of U.S. and EU, as well as the credibility of the EU (Klose Weigert, 2013). US worries also involve the uncertainty regarding the response of international financial market and the potential security ramifications of Greece that is economically destitute and is cut loose from EU and is probable to make close bonding with Russia (Karanikolos et al., 2013). According to (De Grauwe Ji, 2013) many US officials believe in the reliability of EU and US relations keeping in mind its economic and political clout, the fact that U.S. and UK views tend to align on most major foreign policy issues, as well its traditional Atlanticist orientation. Also, other worries i nclude that internal tensions and preoccupations could prevent the EU from focusing on the main U.S. priorities, which are aggression in Ukraine due to Russia, the conflicts in Syria and Iraq, risks and dangers due to Islamic State organisation and concluding the proposed U.S.-EU free trade agreement. Some researchers suggest that politically fragile, economically weak EU could take U.S. attention and resources away from managing strategic challenges such as the rise of China and continued instability in the Middle East (Richardson Mazey, 2015). Conclusively, it can be said that the European Union can survive its current crisis of confidence. It is evident from some other observers, who are contended that in spite of all these current challenges, the EU will continue its commitment to the United States in respect to close and cooperative partnerships. The author has clearly described the consequences of EU crisis on international business and possible scenarios for EU. Based on the measures that it is trying to overcome the crisis and the believe system of the partner countries it is indicated that there is the lower chance of exit of any one countries affiliated to Eurozone. Southern states are recovering but the northern ones are still in weak position. However, the debt crisis is still in its place. There are chances that the rest of the world may receive some economic shock and may spread over coming years. References Ash, T. G. (2012). Crisis of Europe: How the Union Came Together and Why It's Falling Apart, The.Foreign Aff.,91, 2. Bergsten, C. F., Kirkegaard, J. F. (2012). The Coming Resolution of the European Crisis: An Update.Policy Briefs in International Economics, 12-18. Bergsten, C. F., Kirkegaard, J. F. (2012). The Coming Resolution of the European Crisis: An Update.Policy Briefs in International Economics, 12-18. Bonet, L., Donato, F. (2011). The financial crisis and its impact on the current models of governance and management of the cultural sector in Europe.ENCATC Journal of cultural management and policy,1(1), 4-11. Bridwell, L. (2013, July). Fixing the Euro Crisis. InCompetition Forum(Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 54). American Society for Competitiveness. Dawson, M., Witte, F. (2013). Constitutional Balance in the EU after the Euroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Crisis.The Modern Law Review,76(5), 817-844. De Grauwe, P., Ji, Y. (2013). Self-fulfilling crises in the Eurozone: An empirical test.Journal of International Money and Finance,34, 15-36. Feldstein, M. S. (2015).Ending the Euro Crisis?(No. w20862). National Bureau of Economic Research. Foster, J. B., Magdoff, F. (2009).The great financial crisis: Causes and consequences. NYU Press. Gros, D. (2011). External versus domestic debt in the euro crisis.CEPS policy brief, (243). Gros, D., Mayer, T. (2010). How to deal with sovereign default in Europe: Create the European Monetary Fund now!.CEPS Policy Brief, (202). Habermas, J. (2012).The crisis of the European Union: A response. Polity. Habermas, J. (2012).The crisis of the European Union: A response. Polity. Hall, P. A. (2012). The economics and politics of the euro crisis.German Politics,21(4), 355-371. Hall, P. A. (2012). The economics and politics of the euro crisis.German Politics,21(4), 355-371. Hall, P. A. (2012). The economics and politics of the euro crisis.German Politics,21(4), 355-371. Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., ... McKee, M. (2013). Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe.The Lancet,381(9874), 1323-1331. Klose, J., Weigert, B. (2013).Sovereign yield spreads during the Euro-crisis: Fundamental factors versus redenomination risk(No. 07/2012 [rev.]). Arbeitspapier, Sachverstndigenrat zur Begutachtung der Gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Lane, P. R. (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,26(3), 49-67. Lerbinger, O. (2012).The crisis manager. Routledge. Ludlow, N. P. (2006).The European Community and the crises of the 1960s: Negotiating the gaullist challenge(Vol. 9). London: Routledge. Moravcsik, A. (2012). Europe after the Crisis.Foreign Affairs,91(3), 54-68. Moravcsik, A. (2012). Europe after the Crisis.Foreign Affairs,91(3), 54-68. Pisani-Ferry, J. (2012).The euro crisis and the new impossible trinity(No. 2012/01). Bruegel Policy Contribution. Richardson, J., Mazey, S. (Eds.). (2015).European Union: power and policy-making. Routledge. Schimmelfennig, F. (2014). European integration in the euro crisis: the limits of postfunctionalism.Journal of European Integration,36(3), 321-337.